Impi Yosayizi Wenzwa Yekhamera Ye-smartphone, Idizayini Ithophaza Nentuthuko Yamamojula Amakhulu Ezinzwa angu-1-intshi

Emjahweni wobuchwepheshe be-smartphone, usayizi wezinzwa ubulokhu uyinkundla yempi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1/2.5 intshi ukuya kokukhulu kwanamuhla okungu-1 intshi inzwa, bazama ukuzuza ukweqa kwekhwalithi ekusebenzeni kwekhwalithi yesithombe ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba usayizi wenzwa ephule iphuzu elibalulekile, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemojuli ye-optical umklamo womzimba kancane kancane ubonakala uvelele, futhi umdlalo omayelana nomzila wezobuchwepheshe uyaqhubeka ngokuthula.

Izinzuzo zenzwa enkulu zisobala: indawo enkulu ezwela ukukhanya ingathwebula ama-photon amaningi, ithuthukise kakhulu ikhono lokudubula lokukhanya okuphansi kanye nobubanzi obuguqukayo kuyilapho iletha nemiphumela yokufiphalisa yengemuva lemvelo. Ukuthatha i-OPPO Thola i-X7 Ultra ehlome nge-LYT900 njengesibonelo, inzwa yayo engu-1inch, ngobuchwepheshe benqubo ye-22nm kanye nobuchwepheshe be-DI ADC, izuze amandla agcwele e-DCG HDR, futhi ngamasampula akabili asheshayo, iphushele ukusebenza okushukumisayo kokuthwebula izithombe kwafinyelela ukuphakama okusha. I-vivo X100 Ultra, ngokusebenzisa i-1G+7P ye-optical lens yeqembu i-Zeiss T*, ithuthukisa nakakhulu ukusebenza kokubona kwenzwa enkulu, iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha okunembile kwemininingwane nemibala. Nokho, ukwanda kobukhulu bomzimba kuletha izinkinga ezinkulu. Imodeli yokuqala i-Xiaomi 13 Ultra inogqinsi lwemojuli yekhamera engu-15.4mm, okuthinta kakhulu ukubamba. ukuze ulinganise ukusebenza kwesithombe nokukhanya komzimba, abakhiqizi kufanele benze ukuyekethisa. Isibonelo, i-Xiaomi 15 Ultra isebenzisa umklamo webhodi elikhulu ukwenza indawo yengxenye yekhamera, kodwa idela ingxenye yevolumu yemoto; I-Huawei Pura 70 Ultra, ngokusebenzisa "isakhiwo se-telescopic module ye-stellar, ihlanganisa inzwa engu-1-intshi enembobo enkulu engu-F1.6 ibe nomzimba ongu-8.4mm, izuze impumelelo enkulu ezimbonini.

Bebhekene nobukhulu bebhodlela, abakhiqizi baqala ukuhlola izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene. Ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe lwe-OPP kanye ne-Sony kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-pixel bokugoqa (amaphikseli e-transistor anengqimba ekabili), ngokusebenzisa ukulungiselelwa kwesakhiwo, isignali yokugcwala ikhuphuka izikhathi ezi-2 ububanzi obuguquguqukayo bukhuphuka ngo-355%, futhi ubukhulu bemojula buncishiswe ngo-3mm, okunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesithombe sokugoqa omakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu kuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kubonisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezinzwa akudingeki kuncike kuphela ekwandiseni usayizi womzimba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphikseli aphezulu nezinzwa ezinkulu sekuphenduke umkhuba omusha. Yize inzwa yakwaSamsung engu-200MP inenzuzo kasayizi ongu-1/1.3-intshi u-Sony uthuthukisa inzwa enkulu engu-200MP, ezama ukuyedlula ngamapharamitha wehardware. Lo mncintiswano womzila wezobuchwepheshe uwukuqonda okuhlukile kwebhalansi phakathi kwe-pixel density" kanye "nendawo ezwela ukukhanya" ngabakhiqizi. Ngokuzayo, indlela yokuzuza amaphikseli aphezulu nezinzwa ezinkulu endaweni elinganiselwe kuzoba isiphakamiso somkhakha.

Nakuba izinzwa ezingu-1-intshi zisabusa amamodeli e-flagship, abakhiqizi abathile bazama ukubuyela ekucabangeni. Uchungechunge lwe-Xiaomi 14 lushiye i-IMX989 luvuna inzwa ethi "Light and Shadow Hunter", lunxephezela izikhala zehardware ngokulungiswa kokuvula indawo kanye nama-algorithms ekhompyutha; I-Vivo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izuze ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe se-low-latency ngokusebenzisa ama-chips e-AI-ISP, ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha maqondana nesikhathi sangempela kanye nokucutshungulwa okususelwa kusimo. Lezi zimo zibonisa ukuthi "umjaho wezikhali" othembele kuphela kusayizi wezinzwa awusakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi, ukulungiselelwa okujulile kwakho kokubili izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe kuyisiqondiso sesikhathi esizayo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwe-optical zisheshisa ukuphumelela kwemikhawulo yomzimba. Ilensi ye-Huawei'sopic kanye nesistimu yekhamera ekabili ye-OPPO ye-periscope, kokubili ngedizayini yesakhiwo, yakha kabusha indlela yokubona endaweni evalekile, igcina izinzuzo zezinzwa ezinkulu kuyilapho icubungula idizayini encane. Lolu hlobo lokuhlakanipha "lokwenza umlingo egobolondweni lomnenke" lungaholela ekuthwebuleni izithombe ngomakhalekhukhwini enkathini entsha "yokuqamba okusha kwe-ural".

Impi yosayizi wezinzwa kumakhamera ahlakaniphile isekude ukuphela, kodwa ukugxila kwembonini sekusukile ekuqhathanisweni kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha okumsulwa kwaya kubuchwepheshe nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ukuthandwa kwezinzwa ezingu-1-intshi akuyona nje ingqopha-mlando kodwa futhi kuyisiqalo esisha—kuphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi bathole izixazululo eziningi ze-ingen ngaphakathi kwendawo elinganiselwe, ukushayela ubuchwepheshe be-imaging ekuthuthukisweni okucwengisiswe kakhulu nokukhaliphile. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha nama-algorithms, ama-smartphone angase abe nombono ovamile "wokuwina kwenzwa enkulu", athole ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kokuncane kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe.